Genetic variability and agro-morphological characteristics of dehiscence tolerance in soybean varieties

Abstract Soybean is a highly significant legume that provides substantial amounts of vegetable protein and oil worldwide. However, pod shattering poses a major challenge in soybean cultivation, resulting in considerable yield losses. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) assess the morphological, agronomic, and genetic variability of 15 soybean genotypes and (2) identify genotypes that are resistant to pod dehiscence. The experiments were conducted at Bowen University using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three blocks over two seasons. Data were collected on 28 quantitative variables that contribute to high yields and resistance to dehiscence. All genotypes exhibited significant differences in the traits measured. There were highly significant differences in yields and yield components among the genotypes. Genotype V15 recorded the highest number of pods per plant, followed by V9 and V6. Genotype V3 exhibited the longest and the widest pods, as well as the highest number of seeds per pod. The lowest pod lengths were recorded in V12. Considerable variability was noted in dehiscence-related characteristics among the studied genotypes, reflecting differences in pod shattering. Genotype V3, classified as indehiscent, was the least prone to dehiscence, followed by V6. In contrast, genotypes V1, V4, V8, V9, V12, V15, V2, V5, V7, V10, V11, V13, and V14 were identified as the most dehiscent. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the resistance of soybean to dehiscence, which is crucial for farmers, agricultural mechanization, and the oilseed industry.