Prevalence of intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis in ischemic stroke patients in Badr University Hospital

Abstract Background Stroke stands as the major cause of morbidity and the second of mortality worldwide. Extracranial arterial stenosis (ECAS) and intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) are significant contributors to ischemic stroke. Understanding the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes is crucial for improving stroke management and patient outcomes. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current prevalence of ECAS, ICAS, and to identify the risk factors among stroke patients at Badr University Hospital. Methodology We included one hundred and twenty-eight patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Data were collected and statistically analyzed. We established prevalence and risk factors of ECAS and ICAS, and the correlations with functional outcomes as assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results Of the 128 patients, 25 patients (19.50%) exhibited ECAS, while 35 patients (27.30%) exhibited ICAS. Regarding the risk factors associated with ECAS and ICAS, the study revealed a significant statistical association with old age, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The results showed that ICAS, hypertension, and recurrent ischemic stroke are associated with poor functional outcomes by mRS. Conclusions ECAS and ICAS are highly prevalent and strongly associated with ischemic stroke. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are the primary risk factors associated with both ECAS and ICAS. As a result, effective management of hypertension and dyslipidemia, has become crucial for preventing recurrence of ischemic stroke and improving the outcome of patients.