Sulfoxaflor and Flupyradifurone: Efficacy, Residue Dynamics, and Dietary Risk Assessment in Cudrania tricuspidata

This study explored the efficacy, residue dynamics, and dietary risks of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone in <i>Cudrania tricuspidata</i>. Following two applications, residue levels of sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone decreased from 0.254 to 0.012 mg/kg and 0.732 to 0.016 mg/kg, respectively, over a period of 22 days. The half-lives (<i>t</i>_1/2) in fruits and leaves ranged from 7.0 to 13.6 days. LC-MS/MS analysis showed recovery rates of 79.8-94.9% and RSD < 8.5%. Both pesticides effectively controlled hemipteran pests, reducing aphid and spotted lanternfly populations by >90%. Acute and chronic dietary risk assessments indicated acute hazard index (aHI) and chronic hazard quotient (HQ) values remarkably < 1, suggesting a negligible health risk. According to these results, sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone have recently been registered as pesticides for <i>C. tricuspidata</i> against hemipteran pests, with a recommended pre-harvest interval of 7 days, as projected residue levels (0.078-5.213 mg/kg) were below established maximum residue limits (MRLs). These findings indicate a low dietary risk associated with sulfoxaflor and flupyradifurone in <i>C. tricuspidata</i> when applied according to the evaluated application rates and pre-harvest interval.