Geomagnetic Storms as a Trigger of a Multi-Level Pathological Cascade: Identifying the Causal Sequence

This study presents an integrative mechanistic model that delineates the complete causal pathway through which solar-driven geomagnetic storms (GMS) translate into acute health risks for the human population. It establishes a critical link between space weather activity and terrestrial biophysical systems, mediated by the global atmospheric electric circuit. The proposed multilevel cascade explains how GMS-induced magnetospheric disturbances modulate the near-surface electric field, creating resonant electromagnetic conditions that can disrupt fundamental biological oscillators. A key finding is the potentiation of this effect in anthropogenically polluted environments, where reduced atmospheric conductivity amplifies the electrophysical perturbation. At the organismal level, the model identifies the dysregulation of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) as the primary cellular target, initiating a calcium-mediated oxidative cascade that compromises barrier integrity and systemic homeostasis. The work further characterizes specific endogenous factors—including deficiencies in essential metals (Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Se) and hormonal imbalances—that precondition individuals, creating a molecular substrate of heightened vulnerability. The synergy between this internal susceptibility and the external geophysical stressor is posited to drive a state of allostatic overload, culminating in neuro-immune-endocrine disintegration. The proposed sequence, from solar eruption to clinical event, is robustly supported by synthesized epidemiological evidence demonstrating a significant temporal association between geomagnetic activity and increased incidence of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and psychiatric hospitalizations. This synthesis provides a novel, testable framework for understanding environmental modulation of population health.