Morphometric Analysis and Variations of Mandibular Canal: A Retrospective Study

AbstractBackground: The mandibular canal (MC) is a vital anatomical structure extending from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, carrying the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. Variations in its morphology, course, and position are common and clinically significant, influencing implant placement, anesthesia, and surgical procedures. Accurate knowledge of these variations is essential to minimize iatrogenic injuries.Objective: This study aims to assess the morphometric characteristics and anatomical variations of the mandibular canal in a North Indian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 CBCT scans to evaluate the canal's position, diameter, length, horizontal and vertical location, relationship with mandibular roots, length of the anterior loop of the mental nerve, and overall morphology.Results: The study observed significant variations in the mandibular canal's course, diameter, and relationship to adjacent anatomical landmarks. Differences in the canal's morphology and anterior loop length were evident, highlighting the importance of population specific data for accurate preoperative planning.Conclusion: CBCT provides a reliable, three dimensional assessment of mandibular canal anatomy, aiding clinicians in identifying variations and reducing the risk of iatrogenic complications. Understanding these variations enhances surgical safety, improves implant planning, and contributes to better patient outcomes.