Transhumance in transition: socio-economic shifts among semi-nomadic Gaddi tribe of Dhauladhar Himalayas

The present study is exploratory in nature and aims to highlight the various issues and challenges of the transhumance profession practised by a semi-nomadic Gaddi tribe residing in the Dhauladhar Himalayas of District Chamba in the State of Himachal Pradesh, India. The inquiry employs a mixed methodology approach, operationalized through Interview Schedules, Focus group discussions, and an illustrative case study of a transgender person practicing transhumance since childhood. It aims to provide a distinctive perspective. Employing a Non-Random Quota Sampling technique, the study gathered data from a comprehensive sample of 80 research participants, including 50 practicing Gaddi herders and 30 key community experts, to ensure an in-depth analysis. The findings of the present study reveal that Transhumance is a vital socio-cultural practice that helps sustain biodiversity and rural economies, aligning with the various Sustainable Development Goals. However, this traditional livelihood is slowly declining, and more specifically among the Gaddis, threatened by factors including modernization, climate change hazards, increased infrastructure development, the tough nature of the profession, and socio-economic shifts reducing intergenerational participation. The study underscores the urgent need for inclusive and adaptive government policies to sustain this profession and calls for a targeted approach that includes Gaddi voices in decision-making, arguing that local problems always need local solutions.