Fabrication of Titanium‐Based Magnetic Composite Scaffold In Vitro Evaluation of Osteogenic Performance

The biological inertness of Ti scaffolds prevents the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on pure Ti scaffolds. Medical studies have shown that magnetic fields can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, thereby promoting the production of bone tissue and fracture healing. In this work, a magnetic GelMA hydrogel coating loaded with Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was added onto the modified Ti surface. The introduction of GelMA hydrogel reduced the elastic modulus of the pure Ti surface and provided good environmental conditions for the proliferation and differentiation of cells. Through applying a magnetic field externally, the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs on the composite Ti scaffolds were improved. By adjusting the direction and strength of the external magnetic field and detecting the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation index, the optimal direction and strength of the external magnetic field for the composite Ti scaffold were determined. Western Blot analysis revealed that osteogenesis was related to the JNK pathway. It was proven that the introduction of a magnetic GelMA hydrogel coating improved the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and the effect of the improvement was related to the direction and strength of the external magnetic field, which provides a new strategy to bone injury repair.