Comparative Study of Utilisation of Contraceptives Among Married Women in Rural and Urban Communities in Rivers State

Background: Nigeria, Africa’s most populous country with over 200 million people, faces challenges in reproductive health, particularly regarding contraceptive utilization among married women. Despite efforts to promote family planning services, substantial disparities persist between urban and rural areas in Nigeria. This study assessed contraceptive utilization among married women in Rivers State, Nigeria, comparing rural and urban populations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 326 respondents (163 urban, 163 rural) assessed utilization of contraceptives employing structured questionnaires and multistage sampling. Statistical analysis using SPSS version 27 compared demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing contraceptive use. Results: Most of the respondents were within the age group 40 to 49 years: 67 (41.1%) in urban and 61 (37.4%) in rural. The difference in the proportions was not significant, likewise with other sociodemographic characteristics. Contraceptive use was higher in urban areas (102, 62%) compared to rural areas (70, 42.9%) (χ2 = 12.6; p < 0.001). Contraceptive use was significantly associated with higher education (χ2 = 15.270; p < 0.002) and income levels (χ2 = 32.24; p < 0.001). In contrast, urban areas showed no significant relationships between contraceptive use and demographic or socioeconomic factors. Overall, neither cultural beliefs, religious influences, accessibility, nor fear of side effects significantly predicted contraceptive adoption in either setting. Conclusion: The study underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, particularly in rural communities, to address socioeconomic and educational disparities. Strengthening family planning programs through education, improved access, and male involvement could enhance contraceptive uptake and reduce unintended pregnancies, supporting Nigeria’s reproductive health goals.