Kedudukan Artificial Intelligence sebagai Subjek Hukum dalam Sistem Kontrak Indonesia

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various sectors of life has introduced new legal challenges within the realm of civil law, particularly in Indonesia’s contract law system. Indonesian law recognizes only natural persons and legal entities as legal subjects, while AI is positioned merely as a tool or legal object. However, the increasing capability of AI in performing analysis, decision-making, and processing electronic contracts raises the question of whether AI might eventually obtain the status of a legal subject. This study employs a literature review method through an analysis of statutory regulations, scientific journals, and relevant literature. The findings indicate that although AI exhibits operational intelligence, it does not fulfill the legal capacity and free will requirements necessary for entering into contracts. Within Indonesia’s current contract law system, AI remains categorized as a legal object or an electronic agent acting based on human instructions. Nevertheless, technological advancements highlight the potential need for specific regulations concerning responsibility, accountability, and the possibility of AI’s future legal subjectivity. Therefore, a new legal framework is required to ensure lega