Continuous production of activated Biochar via microwave steam activation and Auger mechanism

The continuous microwave steam activation (CMSA) system improves biochar production and activation by eliminating the need for traditional cyclic heating and cooling processes, thereby significantly enhancing operational efficiency. This system employs microwave heating to elevate temperatures, achieving a rapid heating rate of up to 50 °C/min while maintaining optimal activation temperatures ranging from 550 °C to 600 °C. It incorporates an adjustable steam tube, which facilitates precise steam injection at peak temperatures, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of the activation process. Capable of operating continuously at a throughput of 150 g/min, the CMSA system achieves an activated char yield of 86 wt%, with the final product having a surface area of 454.90 m²/g. This approach not only accelerates the heating process but also reduces operational costs and improves energy efficiency, representing a significant advancement in the production of activated biochar.