Quantum Dot-Integrated Perovskite Solar Cells: A Pathway to Enhanced Light Harvesting and Stability

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a transformative photovoltaic technology, combining high power-conversion efficiencies with inexpensive, solution-based processing. However, their intrinsic instability and incomplete optical absorption currently hinder their widespread application. The integration of quantum dots (QDs) into PSCs has arisen as a promising strategy to address these limitations. By broadening the absorption spectrum, passivating defects, and facilitating charge transport, QDs can push single-junction PSC efficiencies to ∼ 26% while improving long-term stability. This review surveys recent progress in QD PSCs systems, covering QDs synthesis and incorporation methods, device architectures, and optoelectronic enhancements. We discuss the multifaceted roles of QDs in defect passivation, moisture resistance, and interface engineering, and highlight concerns about scalability and lead toxicity. Finally, we outline future directions such as lead-free QDs, tandem cell designs, and scalable manufacturing to position QD-enhanced PSCs as next-generation photovoltaic candidates.