Qualitative Study on Leisure Expansion and Health Resource Formation in Older Adults : Focusing on Generalized Resistance Resources (GRRs)

This study explored how older adults’ leisure activities function as Generalized Resistance Resources (GRRs) within a salutogenic framework. Eight older adults with diverse leisure experiences participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted from July to September 2025. Data were analyzed using a case study approach combined with inductive category analysis until saturation was reached. The analysis identified 5 essential themes, 14 key categories, 55 central meanings, and 316 meaning units. Material resources supported sustainable participation; knowledge and intelligence enabled learning and growth; social support fostered relationships and emotional safety; self-esteem enhanced positive self-recognition; and coping strategies strengthened resilience. Leisure activities also extended beyond present satisfaction toward future-oriented development. These findings suggest that leisure activities constitute multidimensional processes of health resource formation, applying GRRs to older adults’ lived contexts. The study offers theoretical and practical insights for promoting quality of life and healthy aging.