A Data Descriptor for Assessing Primary Health Care System Readiness for Climate Adaptation Integration in Mozambique (2021–2026)

This Data Descriptor presents a comprehensive, multi-source dataset compiled to assess the readiness of Mozambique's primary health care (PHC) system for integrating climate change adaptation services. It addresses a critical gap in evidence on systemic preparedness for climate-health threats, which is essential for building resilient health systems across Africa. The dataset was constructed through a rigorous, mixed-methods methodology integrating three primary sources: facility-level surveys from 150 PHC units in three provinces (2023), key informant interviews with 45 district and provincial health managers (2022–2024), and a systematic policy document review (2021–2025). It provides standardised quantitative and qualitative indicators across five validated readiness domains: infrastructure, workforce capacity, supply chains, surveillance systems, and governance. Preliminary analysis reveals significant inter-provincial variability in readiness. Relative strengths were identified in community health worker networks and the progressive inclusion of climate change in national policies. Critical weaknesses persist in infrastructure resilience—particularly water and energy security—and a lack of integrated climate-health training curricula. This structured, openly available dataset offers an essential evidence base for policymakers and researchers to prioritise investments and develop targeted interventions. Its significance lies in providing a replicable assessment framework to directly support the advancement of climate-resilient health systems as a cornerstone of public health adaptation in Mozambique and similar contexts.