Biomass conversion into fertilizers for maize biofortification: a two-year study

The transition from mineral to OMFs in agriculture is driven by the need to address climate change, resource limitations, and stable crop production. This study focuses on developing and testing organo-mineral micronutrient fertilizers for maize (Zea mays L.), using biomass as a carrier for micronutrients. Fertilizers containing zinc (1 kg/ha), manganese (0.4 kg/ha) and copper (0.2 kg/ha) were tested at 100, 150 and 200% doses for two years. Crop yield, quality, and multi-elemental composition (ICP-OES) were assessed and compared to traditional inorganic fertilizers to assess micronutrient bioavailability. Maize treated with OMFs showed a 10% increase in micronutrient content compared to commercial fertilizers. The best results were observed at 100% and 150% doses, with higher doses reducing micronutrient transfer. Biofortified maize grains, enriched with zinc, manganese, and copper, offer a potential solution to address micronutrient deficiencies in food and feed. The fertilizers are cost-effective and environmentally sustainable, providing an effective way to recycle biomass and improve crop nutrition. They contribute to addressing global micronutrient deficiencies and support more sustainable agricultural practices. Organo-mineral micronutrient fertilizers developed using biosorption onto biomass. Two-year maize trials show better micronutrient bioavailability than commercial fertilizers. Maize grains biofortified with Zn, Mn, and Cu showed a 10% increase in micronutrient content. Optimal yields and nutrient levels achieved with 100% and 150% doses of the fertilizers. Sustainable, cost-effective fertilizers address deficiencies and recycle agricultural biomass.