New Advances of Degradable Magnesium‐Based Metal Biomaterials in the Field of Orthopedics

ABSTRACT Based on their outstanding biomechanical properties and superior osteogenic activity, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively investigated for their biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy in treating fractures and bone defects. However, there is a lack of systematic review and discussion on their roles and applications in clinical orthopedic pathologies, including infections, fractures, arthritis, and tumor‐related bone defects. This review systematically examines the performance requirements of orthopedic implants in various pathological conditions (fractures, bacterial infections, cartilage damage, and bone tumors), then comprehensively analyzes the advantages of Mg‐based materials, their processing and design methodologies, and specific application studies in different orthopedic applications. Furthermore, this review provides insights into their developmental trajectory and prevailing challenges in orthopedics. This review comprehensively elucidates the latest advancements in Mg‐based biomaterials, encompassing innovative approaches in alloy composition design, processing techniques, surface modification technologies, and their cutting‐edge research on synergistic antibacterial and promoting immune‐neurovascular coupling for osteogenesis. Through scientific and clinical research on various orthopedic diseases, this review proposes that Mg‐based implants have good biosafety and satisfactory bioactive effects in bone formation and healing, which are expected to provide support and direction guidance for their application in orthopedics.