A Spatio-Temporal Model for Intelligent Vehicle Navigation Using Big Data and SparkML LSTM

The rapid development of autonomous driving systems has increased the demand for scalable frameworks capable of modeling vehicle motion patterns in complex traffic environments. This paper proposes a big data spatio-temporal modeling architecture that integrates Apache Spark version 4.0.1 (SparkML) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to analyze and classify vehicle trajectory patterns. The proposed SparkML–LSTM framework exploits Spark’s distributed processing capabilities and LSTM’s strength in sequential learning to handle large-scale traffic trajectory data efficiently. Experiments were conducted using the DETRAC dataset, which is a large-scale benchmark for vehicle detection and multi-object tracking consisting of more than 10 h of video captured at 24 different locations. The videos were recorded at 25 frames per second with a resolution of 960 × 540 pixels and annotated across more than 140,000 frames, covering 8.250 vehicles and approximately 1.21 million bounding box annotations. The dataset provides detailed annotations, including vehicle categories (Car, Bus, Van, Others), weather conditions (Sunny, Cloudy, Rainy, Night), occlusion ratio, truncation ratio, and vehicle scale. Based on the extracted trajectory features, vehicle motion patterns were categorized into predefined movement classes derived from trajectory dynamics. The experimental results demonstrate strong classification performance. These findings suggest that the proposed SparkML–LSTM architecture is effective for large-scale spatio-temporal trajectory modeling and traffic behavior analysis, and can serve as a foundation for higher-level decision-making modules in intelligent transportation system.