Analyzing the parcel delivery pattern in the Global South: The case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

This study investigates parcel delivery patterns in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, to elucidate the influence of spatial inequalities, urban structure, socioeconomic factors, and retail diversity on delivery demand, employing spatial regression models. The results reveal that income and retail diversity positively impact parcel delivery, while food deserts drive increased reliance on e-commerce due to limited local options. In particular, the distance from the city center negatively affects delivery patterns, highlighting spatial inequities. Areas characterized by social inequalities exhibit greater delivery activity, highlighting e-commerce as a vital alternative where local services are scarce. These findings advocate for integrated urban planning policies that strategically leverage parcel delivery services to achieve more equitable access, address service gaps, and foster delivery expansion in marginalized areas.