Histological Effect of Flavonoid Extract of Hibiscus Sabdriffa and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Separated and Combined on Bone Formation

Abstract Background: Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on blood vessels and bone cells interacting spatially and temporally. For thousands of years, people have turned to nature as a provenance of medicinal therapy and plant-based systems continue to play an important role in the primary health care of 80% of the world’s developing nations. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of the local implementation of Hibiscus Sabdriffa Flavonoid Extract (HSFE)/mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) separated and combined on bone healing. Materials and Methods: A total of 24 male adult New-Zealand rabbits were used in this research and were divided into control and experimental groups (where flavonoid, mineral trioxide aggregate, and a combination of both materials were locally used). Four induced intrabony holes of about 3 mm in depth and 4 mm in width were created in both tibias of each rabbit. Scarification was performed on the animals at 2 and 4 weeks of healing periods to prepare samples for histological, and\ histomorphometric analysis. Results: The/histological finding showed that bone defect treated with HSFE and HSFE/MTA showed bone trabeculae lined by osteoblast and multiple large osteocytes in 2 weeks duration which was statistically significant. At the 4-week duration of the healing period, the histomorphometric study shows highly significant differences among all studied groups for osteoblast, bone trabeculae area, and bone marrow area. Conclusion: Bone defects treated with HSFE, and both HSFE and MTA enhanced the process of bone healing.