The Perception of Orthodontists toward the Genetics and Orthodontic Treatment

Abstract Background: Orthodontists now have a better understanding of the role of genetics in the etiology of dentofacial diseases and traits. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the perception of Iraqi orthodontists toward genetics and orthodontics. Materials and Methods: An e-survey was designed and sent to members of the Iraqi Orthodontic Society. The 14 questions survey was divided into four parts representing information about the socio-demographic status of the orthodontists, knowledge about the genetics and their effects on malocclusion, opinion about the gene therapy and the willingness to have more information about the genetic application in orthodontics. The chi-square test was used to test the association between different variables and socio-demographic factors. Results: A total of 162 of the Iraqi orthodontists completed the questionnaire. The data revealed that the majority of the respondents (91.4%) agreed that genetics play a crucial role in the etiology of malocclusion. About half (53.7%) of respondents were not sure about the possibility of using gene therapy as a treatment option. Two-thirds (64.2%) of participants thought the cost of introducing gene therapy will be an obstacle. Most of the orthodontists (74.1%) did not receive continued education programs about gene therapy usage in orthodontics, (91.3%) would like to have more information, and (88.3%) recommended adding genetic-related topics to the curriculum. However, gender, educational level and years of clinical experience had some effects on the knowledge and opinion of the respondents. Conclusion: This study reported a fair attitude toward genetic/gene therapy among Iraqi orthodontists and suggested the need to develop more awareness about the genetic effects of malocclusion.