Proposed therapy for treating dual diagnosis in a prison setting

Abstract Objectives: To present a therapeutic tool that combines group and individual therapy, and evaluate its effects on the reduction of substance use, the improvement of negative psychological symptoms, and decrease in conflict among inmates with dual diagnosis. Material and method: This is a pre-experimental mixed-methods study, conducted in the Mental Health Module of Topas Prison (Salamanca) between 2017 and 2023, involving a total of 54 male inmates, with a maximum of 8 subjects a year. The intervention included 20 group sessions and 5 individual sessions per period. Data were collected through initial evaluation records, individual and group session information, and a final questionnaire. Data from all clinical sessions supporting the results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative analysis software. Results: The results showed a significant correlation (r = 0.656, P <0.001) between mental health problems and substance use. The most frequent codes in the sessions were "motivational interviewing", "social isolation", and "relapse prevention". Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated significant improvements in substance use reduction, relief of negative psychological symptoms, and a decrease in conflict within the module. Discussion: The intervention proved to be effective, highlighting the importance of adapting and integrating treatments for inmates with dual diagnosis. Consistency in the methodology and the customization of topics according to the needs of the inmates were key factors for the success of the treatment. It is suggested that prison staff receive specific training to work with dual diagnosis, and as a future line of research, to evaluate the effect of combining this psychotherapy model with pharmacological treatment. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Salamanca (CEISH).