Sleep matters: Supporting healthy sleep for children and youth with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs)

Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are at high risk for sleep problems, which can negatively affect their health and that of their families. Improving sleep may be one of the most effective ways to improve behaviour, mood, positive social interaction, attention and learning, and reduce future risks for poor metabolic and mental health. While insomnia is the most common concern, increased rates of other sleep disorders are also found in this population. Sleep problems require prompt identification and intervention, which includes recognizing or ruling out contributory medical conditions. Most sleep issues can be addressed through measures that improve sleep habits/hygiene alongside behavioural strategies that respect cultural diversity and parental priorities. If behavioural strategies fail or are only partially successful, melatonin can be used, with medical supervision. Other medication strategies may be needed in difficult cases, but these should be carefully considered and monitored because most have potential for impairing sleep quality or side effects.