Time preferences in rural economies: A systematic global review

Abstract Time preferences shape decisions about resource use, investment and sustainability, yet evidence on how they are measured in rural field settings remains fragmented. This systematic literature review covers 67 studies eliciting time preferences among rural populations, focusing on farmers and fishers. We map the theoretical models used, compare elicitation methods and experimental designs, and synthesise reported patterns. The review documents substantial heterogeneity in how time preferences are conceptualised and measured, and highlights recurring methodological and reporting challenges that limit comparability across contexts. For more reliable, replicable and policy-relevant research, we propose a structured reporting guide.