Museums and zoos: a formula for rapid genetic identification of elusive species and practical applications for conservation and systematics in the Global South

Abstract Obtaining genetic information from elusive species is challenging for scientists, but it is crucial for understanding animal evolutionary history and informing conservation management initiatives. We present the first example of a local network of collaboration that includes zoos and natural history collections to investigate the geographical origin, systematics, and conservation concerns of the olingo (genus Bassaricyon). We sequenced in situ the entire (1146 bp) cytochrome b gene to phylogenetically identify individuals that have been victims of wildlife trafficking. Unexpectedly, we recovered a sample belonging to Bassaricyon medius orinomus, which suggests that this individual may represent a new geographical record for Ecuador. Through practical experience, we describe how local collaboration is possible and crucial for promoting wildlife genetic research in the Global South and contributing to protect the remaining populations of medium-sized mammals. We discuss the significance of wild animals under human care as a valuable genetic resource for scientific research, conservation strategies, and informed wildlife management decisions.