Numerical Modeling of Wind-Induced Deformation in Eastern Red Cedar Tree Forms Using Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis

This research aims to investigate wind-induced effects numerically in full-scale Eastern Red Cedar tree (ERCT) forms under various wind speeds. A total of 72 model cases were carefully analyzed for variations in crown lengths (CLs), canopy diameters (CDs), bole lengths (BLs), and trunk diameters (TDs) at wind speeds ranging from 15 m/s to 30 m/s. The realizable k–ε turbulence model is employed to resolve the flow region and obtain drag force (FD), velocity, and pressure distributions within the computational fluid domain. The resulting aerodynamic loads are then transferred to ERCT models using a one-way fluid–structure interaction (one-way FSI) approach to predict deformation, stress, and strain in the solid zone. The accuracy of these findings was validated by comparing drag coefficient (CD) results with those from previously conducted studies. Research results reveal that wind speed and the geometric dimensions of the tree notably influence the FD, deformation, strain, and stress experienced by the tree. When wind speed rises from 15 to 30 m/s, the amount of FD, deformation, strain, and stress increases on the ERCT. The present research helps improve the understanding of tree patterns impacted by wind, which is essential for urban design and planning. It provides guidance on how to choose and arrange necessary real trees for efficient windbreaks and comfortable surroundings in life.