Exogenous β-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation Alleviates Ana o 3-Induced Allergic Responses

The incidence of cashew allergy has been increasing alongside rising consumption levels, and effective therapeutic strategies remain limited. The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated its strong immunomodulatory effects across various diseases and holds promise as a novel intervention strategy for cashew nut allergy. This study evaluated the impact of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the main effector of KD, supplementation on allergic reactions in an Ana o 3-induced mouse model. The results showed that exogenous BHB mitigated the drop in body temperature associated with allergic responses and significantly reduced the levels of Ana o 3-specific IgE and MCPT-1 in mice. Furthermore, Omics analyses suggested that exogenous BHB may exert antiallergic effects through downregulation of Fc receptor expression on mast cells and reducing harmful metabolites. All of the results demonstrated that exogenous BHB can effectively mitigate the allergic reaction mediated by Ana o 3.