The technical and practical implementation of fundus photography in equids

Summary Background Fundus photography is an important diagnostic tool in human and veterinary medicine. Advances in research are increasing its accessibility in human medicine. However, there is a lack of studies on modern fundus photography in animals, particularly in horses. Objectives To assess the use of a portable fundus camera developed for human medicine in horses and to demonstrate its capabilities and limitations. Study Design Descriptive study. Methods The fundus of 228 horses and three donkeys was photographed using the VISUSCOUT 100 fundus camera. The images obtained were summarised and classified as normal anatomic variants or pathological findings. Results The VISUSCOUT 100 enabled the acquisition of high‐quality fundus images without pupil dilation or sedation. Several representative images of normal anatomical structures and pathological conditions were obtained. Main Limitations The quality and price of fundus cameras vary, and the VISUSCOUT100 is not representative of all models available on the market. In addition, the camera was operated by only one person in this study. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that fundus photography in equids has become more convenient, as it no longer requires sedation or pupil dilation.