An integrated synthetic biology and robotics approach for neutralising landmines in post-war communities

Unexploded ordnances (UXOs) and landmines endanger lives and hinder the economic progress of communities living in post-conflict zones. Currently, the primary method for clearing UXOs relies on metal detection and manual removal of UXOs - an expensive, time-consuming, and hazardous process. This study, derived from the 2024 EPFL iGEM project SYNPLODE, presents a new approach that integrates synthetic biology and aerial drone robotics, proposing a novel, end-to-end, safe, and efficient solution to address UXOs. Starting from bacteria engineered to detect and degrade 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), a common explosive in landmines, our solution is designed for three main tasks: detecting TNT and RDX, breaking these compounds down into non-explosive byproducts, and confirming explosive neutralisation. To deploy this solution safely in UXO-contaminated areas, we designed, built, and tested an aerial drone capable of spraying explosive-degrading bacteria. Combining synthetic biology, robotics, mathematical modelling, and affected community engagement, our solution aims to improve UXO and landmine clearance by offering a scalable and cost-effective approach for deactivating UXOs without risking human lives.