The Role and Diagnostic Value of Astrocyte-Derived Exosomes in Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic Stroke (IS) is a central nervous system disease caused by cerebrovascular obstruction. It is associated with high mortality and disability rates, few available treatments, and a poor prognosis. Exosomes secreted by neuronal cells have attracted significant attention lately for their roles in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating neuron-to-neuron communication, preventing oxidative stress, and promoting neural regeneration and protection. Therefore, Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (ADEVs), along with their biological characteristics, extraction methods, and identification techniques, are discussed in this review, along with their neuroprotective role and mechanisms in IS and function as specific biomarkers in diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to improve our understanding of the effect of ADEVs in diagnosing and treating IS. In addition, it addresses future goals in IS: precise prognostication of stroke, rapid clinical diagnosis, and the development of new therapies based on exosomes released from brain cells.