Hippo and Wnt as Early Initiators: Integrated Multi-Omics Reveals the Signaling Basis for Corona-Induced Diapause Termination in Silkworm

Embryonic diapause, a state of developmental arrest in silkworm (<i>Bombyx mori</i>) eggs, poses a challenge for year-round sericulture. While physical stimuli like corona discharge can effectively terminate diapause, the underlying molecular mechanisms, particularly the initial events, remain poorly understood. This study employed an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze silkworm eggs within 48 h after corona treatment. Our time-series analysis revealed that the Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways were specifically activated as early as 1 h post-treatment, preceding the previously reported FoxO pathway response. We identified two temporally distinct gene clusters within the Hippo pathway, including immediate-early genes (e.g., <i>Dachs_17/25/29</i>, <i>Ft_10</i>) and late-phase effector genes, coordinating the exit from cell cycle arrest. Concurrently, the Wnt pathway was rapidly initiated, marked by the sustained upregulation of key regulators <i>Notum</i> and <i>Pontin52</i>, suggesting its role in unlocking the cell cycle. We propose a synergistic model wherein corona discharge triggers the concurrent, early activation of Hippo and Wnt signaling, which collectively reprogram the cell cycle and reinstate the developmental trajectory by promoting proliferation and suppressing apoptosis. These findings provide crucial insights into the initial molecular events of diapause termination, identifying Hippo and Wnt pathways as master regulators in transducing the physical corona stimulus into a developmental signal.