The Effect of Different Crop Production Systems on Seed Germination and Longevity in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Seed germination performance and storability are fundamental components of seed quality and critical for successful crop establishment. However, information on the impact of different crop production systems on the quality and storability of seed material is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of different crop production systems (ecological, integrated, conventional, and monoculture) on seed germination and predisposition for storage. The research was carried out on four varieties of winter wheat. Seed material was produced within a two-year period, during which different weather conditions occurred. Four germination-related traits were assessed: germination capacity NS (%), total germination (TG%), time to reach 50% germination (t50) and the area under the germination curve (AUC). The results demonstrated that the cultivar, the cultivation system and the year of study had a significant impact on germination characteristics. The ecological system ensured the highest germination rate in fresh seeds. However, in the CD test, the conventional system demonstrated the highest levels of stress resistance and stability, suggesting the best storage potential. The significant system × variety interaction demonstrates the importance of accurate matching of the genotype to the growing conditions to ensure optimal seed quality. Furthermore, the data demonstrated a strong influence of climatic conditions in the year of production, which is crucial for seed vigor.