New Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Factors and Plant Hormones Involved in the Regulation of Salt Stress Responses

Under salt stress, a large amount of Na⁺ accumulates in plant roots or enters the plant body, causing osmotic stress and ion imbalance, indirectly triggering oxidation stress and nutrient imbalance, and ultimately affecting plant growth and development. When plants sense external salt stress, they mainly regulate through aspects such as ion homeostasis, osmotic regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearance, and growth and development remodeling. Transcription factors (TFs) and plant hormones play a role in salt stress responses, coordinating the expression of numerous key genes and regulating various physiological and biochemical processes, thereby enabling plants to adapt to this adverse condition. This paper expounds the regulation of salt stress by plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH), and TFs such as WRKY, MYB, and NAC, as well as the adaptation of the regulatory network formed by their mutual interference to salt stress. In addition, based on the latest research results, the key scientific issues that have not been solved in this field were discussed, aiming to provide theoretical references for revealing the molecular mysteries of plant salt tolerance and promoting the cultivation practice of salt-tolerant crops.