System Dynamic–Driven Insights for Metaverse Adoption in the Construction Sector

Recent research has identified various factors influencing metaverse adoption in the construction sector; however, the literature largely examines these factors in isolation, overlooking their interconnected nature. Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as a framework, this research conducts a systematic literature review to identify key adoption factors, followed by system dynamics (SD) modeling to analyze their interrelationships. The proposed SD model reveals three interconnected subsystems comprised of eight reinforcing feedback loops that drive metaverse adoption. Through centrality analysis, the study identifies organizational integration, financial investment, adoption resistance, and user engagement as critical leverage points in the system. This research underscores that targeted intervention strategies can significantly enhance these leverage points to facilitate metaverse integration more effectively. This paper contributes to the construction management literature by highlighting the interplay of adoption factors and identifying critical leverage points. These insights enable more effective strategies to be applied for integrating metaverse technologies in construction practices, moving beyond isolated solutions to address the complex interplay of adoption factors.