First detection and autochthonous transmission of monkeypox virus clade Ib in the Netherlands, October to November, 2025
In October-November 2025, eight autochthonous cases of monkeypox (MPXV) clade Ib virus infection were reported in the Netherlands. All cases were men who have sex with men aged 25-65; none required hospital admission or antiviral treatment. Phylogenetic analysis combined with contact tracing suggest multiple introductions or cryptic circulation with onwards transmission within the community. Highly related international sequences were identified dating back to August 2025, indicating sustained global community transmission of clade Ib outside the African continent.
Authors
- Brenda M. Westerhuis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3207-0447)
- Celine A. van de Ven
- Richard Molenkamp (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-3850)
- Leonard Schuele (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-5879)
- Marcel Jonges (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0221)
- Karin von Eije
- Nora C. Carpay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-6992)
- Suzanne E. Geerlings (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-3576)
- Hester Coppoolse
- B. Bas Oude Munnink
- Bregtje A. Lemkes
- Sjoerd Rebers
- Aldert Bart
- Henry JC de Vries
- Catharina E van Ewijk
- Anne de Vries
- Marion Koopmans
- Riemer van Markus
- Brigitte van Cleef
- Jelte Elsinga
- Marjan Boter
Institutions
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- GGD Haaglanden (NL)
- Netherlands Center for Occupational Diseases (NL)
- Regio Gooi en Vechtstreek (NL)
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (NL)
- Tergooi (NL)
- GGD Amsterdam (NL)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Eurosurveillance
- Published
- 2026-01-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2026.31.3.2500958
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 27.20