Construction of a Microseismic Monitoring System for Ultra-Large-Scale and Deep Mines: A Case Study of the Sishanling Iron Mine

To address the severe geological hazards (e.g., high ground stress and rock burst) that threaten safety and efficiency in ultra-deep mining, this study develops a comprehensive microseismic monitoring system tailored for the Sishanling Iron Mine—a typical ultra-large-scale, ultra-deep mine with an extraction depth exceeding 1500 m. The system integrates high-sensitivity sensors, real-time data transmission, and intelligent processing algorithms. A scientifically designed sensor deployment plan achieves full-coverage of key mining areas, while a multi-level data processing framework encompassing signal acquisition, event detection, location inversion, and magnitude calculation enhances result accuracy. Applied in actual operations, the system effectively captures microseismic events with magnitudes from −2.14 to −1.96, achieving optimal planar and spatial positioning errors of 6.75 m and 9.66 m, respectively. It provides real-time early warning for hazards like rock burst, thereby mitigating risks and ensuring operational continuity. This work offers a practical reference for constructing microseismic systems in similar “double super” mines and enriches the theoretical and technical framework for safety monitoring in deep mining.