Full Range Stress‐Strain Curves for Hot‐Rolled Steels

Abstract Recent advances in structural engineering modelling demand precise stress‐strain characterization for accurate steel member analysis. While stress‐strain behaviour of hot‐rolled steels is well‐studied up to ultimate strain, post‐necking failure prediction remains a gap. This paper develops standardised constitutive equations to model the full engineering stress‐strain response—from elastic behaviour to fracture—for hot‐rolled carbon steels. Using collected tensile coupon test data, this study evaluates existing models and propose new formulas that extend predictions to fracture, including post‐necking behaviour. This model reliably predicts fracture stress/strain and post‐necking response, enabling more accurate structural failure analysis. This work enhances material modelling for scenarios where failure mechanisms are critical.