Effective Approaches to Managing Behavioral Problems in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Narrative Review

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. It is considered one of the most common disorders in childhood. Its long-term adverse effects are associated with untreated or delayed ADHD in childhood. Impaired academic, functional, and social performance hinders a healthy life. Moreover, good and easy management of children is available via different approaches, providing better long-term improvement. This study aims to summarize the current interventional management strategies for ADHD collectively. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each intervention and highlight the existing gap. In addition, we discuss patient-centered and tailored approaches. This review includes the studies focusing on children and adolescents aged between three and 18. Management strategies include stimulant and non-stimulant medications, behavioral therapies, educational accommodations, lifestyle modifications, and complementary therapies such as mindfulness and yoga. Combining these interventions through a patient-centered approach improves outcomes. Timely diagnosis and early management reduce ADHD's adverse effects. The management plan for ADHD consists of behavioral therapy, educational or training therapy, pharmacological treatment, and lifestyle modification. Each line is effective alone; sometimes, we combine them to make a patient-centered and tailored approach.