Advancing Modern Power Grid Planning Through Digital Twins: Standards Analysis and Implementation

The increasing complexity of modern electrical networks poses significant challenges in terms of monitoring, maintenance, and operational efficiency. However, current planning approaches often lack a unified integration of real-time data and predictive modeling. In this context, Digital Twins (DTs) emerge as a promising solution, as they enable the creation of virtual replicas of physical assets. This research addresses the lack of standardized technical frameworks by proposing a novel mathematical optimization model for grid planning based on DTs. The proposed methodology integrates comprehensive architecture (frontend/backend), specific data standards (IEC 61850), and a linear optimization formulation to minimize operational costs and enhance reliability. Case studies such as DTEK Grids and American Electric Power are analyzed to validate the approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can reduce planning errors by approximately 15% and improve fault prediction accuracy to 99%, validating the DTs as a key tool for the digital transformation of the energy sector towards Industry 5.0.