Management of Iatrogenic Colonoscopic Perforations: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Predictive Factors and Outcomes With Emphasis on Endoscopic Clip Closure

Endoscopic clip application is an effective treatment option for carefully selected ICP cases with early recognition, favorable local conditions, and small, localized defects. However, surgery remains essential in large perforations, delayed diagnoses, or when clip closure fails. Our findings provide real-world data on the role and limitations of standard clip closure in a resource-limited tertiary center and support guideline-based, individualized decision-making for ICP management.