BREECH PRESENTATION

This article discusses breech presentation as a form of fetal malpresentation, including its definition, incidence, and classification. The anatomical and physiological features of breech presentation are described, along with the types such as frank, complete, and footling breech. The article outlines the maternal, fetal, and placental factors contributing to breech presentation, methods of clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis, and associated maternal and fetal complications. Special attention is given to the principles of antenatal and intrapartum management, including external cephalic version, criteria for vaginal breech delivery, and indications for cesarean section. The article also highlights the mechanisms of labor in breech presentation and modern approaches to improving perinatal outcomes. Keywords: Breech Presentation, Malpresentation, Fetal Lie, Frank Breech, Complete Breech, Footling Breech, Diagnosis, Complications, External Cephalic Version, Vaginal Breech Delivery, Cesarean Section, Perinatal Outcome.