On the Stress Transit Function

Abstract The stress interval S ( u , v ) between $$u,v\in V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the set of all vertices in a graph G that lie on every shortest u , v -path. A set $$U \subseteq V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is stress convex if $$S(u,v) \subseteq U$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for any $$u,v\in U$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A vertex $$v \in V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is s-extreme if $$V(G)-\{v\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a stress convex set in G . The stress number sn ( G ) of G is the minimum cardinality of a set U where $$\bigcup _{u,v \in U}S(u,v)=V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>⋃</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The stress hull number sh ( G ) of G is the minimum cardinality of a set whose stress convex hull is V ( G ). In this paper, we present many basic properties of stress intervals. We characterize s-extreme vertices of a graph G and construct graphs G with arbitrarily large difference between the number of s-extreme vertices, sh ( G ) and sn ( G ). Then we study these three invariants for some special graph families, such as graph products, split graphs, and block graphs. We show that in any split graph G , $$sh(G)=sn(G)=|\textrm{Ext}_s(G)|$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Ext</mml:mtext>

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Publication Details

Journal
Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society.
Published
2026-01-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41980-025-01017-8
Primary Topic
Graph theory and applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

On the Stress Transit Function

Rishi Ranjan Singh, Tanja Dravec, Lekshmi Kamal K. Sheela, Polona Repolusk et al.
Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society.
Graph theory and applications
article

On the Stress Transit Function

Rishi Ranjan Singh, Tanja Dravec, Lekshmi Kamal K. Sheela, Polona Repolusk, Manoj Changat, Arun Anil, Iztok Peterin, Jeny Jacob
article en

Abstract

Abstract The stress interval S ( u , v ) between $$u,v\in V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is the set of all vertices in a graph G that lie on every shortest u , v -path. A set $$U \subseteq V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is stress convex if $$S(u,v) \subseteq U$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for any $$u,v\in U$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . A vertex $$v \in V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is s-extreme if $$V(G)-\{v\}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mo>{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is a stress convex set in G . The stress number sn ( G ) of G is the minimum cardinality of a set U where $$\bigcup _{u,v \in U}S(u,v)=V(G)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>⋃</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>U</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>u</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The stress hull number sh ( G ) of G is the minimum cardinality of a set whose stress convex hull is V ( G ). In this paper, we present many basic properties of stress intervals. We characterize s-extreme vertices of a graph G and construct graphs G with arbitrarily large difference between the number of s-extreme vertices, sh ( G ) and sn ( G ). Then we study these three invariants for some special graph families, such as graph products, split graphs, and block graphs. We show that in any split graph G , $$sh(G)=sn(G)=|\textrm{Ext}_s(G)|$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mtext>Ext</mml:mtext>

Bulletin of the Iranian Mathematical Society.Vol. 52(1)
University of Kerala (IN), Kerala School of Mathematics (IN), General Hospital Ernakulam (IN), University of Maribor (SI), Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics (SI), Indian Institute of Technology Bhilai (IN)
National Research Foundation, Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst
Openalex Percentile: Top 74%
Graph theory and applications
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