Umbilical Cord Prolapse Clinical Insights and Management

The descending of the umbilical chord through the cervical os, either ahead of or with the presenting portion of the fetus, is known as umbilical cord prolapse, an uncommon but serious obstetric emergency. Because of the possibility of acute umbilical cord compression, which can result in hypoxia, acidosis, and even fetal death if left untreated, the condition poses serious dangers to the health of the fetus. The prevalence is between 0.1% and 0.6% of all deliveries, and it is more prevalent in cases of polyhydramnios, malpresentation, and preterm pregnancies. Optimizing fetal outcomes requires early diagnosis, quick mother positioning, and prompt obstetric interventions, usually surgical delivery. This review offers an evidence-based strategy for clinical practice by highlighting the causes, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment options, and prognostic variables related to umbilical cord prolapse.