Extreme line profile variations in the repeating changing-look active galactic nucleus IRAS 23226-3843
Aims. IRAS 23226-3843 has been identified as a highly variable Seyfert galaxy and even as a changing-look active galactic nucleus based on optical spectra. Here we present follow-up observations – taken over the past five years – for examining the ongoing photometric and spectral variations in this remarkable galaxy. Methods. We carried out Swift observations of IRAS 23226-3843 together with new optical spectra taken in 2023 and 2024. In parallel we investigate ASAS-SN photometric data from 2014 till 2025. Results. IRAS 23226-3843 stayed on a high continuum flux level in the X-ray as well as in the optical since a historic outburst in 2019. However, it shows strong short-term variations on timescales of a few months. Densely sampled ASAS-SN V -band continuum data from 2014 till 2025 confirm that behavior. IRAS 23226-3843 switched from a clear Seyfert 1 type in December 2019 to a Seyfert 1.9/2 type in July 2020 based on its optical spectra. Afterward, it again became a Seyfert 1 type with symmetric broad single-peaked Balmer line profiles in January 2023. These spectra prove the repeating changing-look character of the galaxy. IRAS 23226-3843 exhibits extreme high Balmer decrements H α /H β based on their broad line components. The Balmer decrement values are on the order of 10. IRAS 23226-3843 successively showed all types of broad line Balmer profiles during the past 25 years over periods of many years: asymmetric single-peaked, double-peaked, as well as single-peaked and symmetric profiles in addition to its Seyfert 1.9/2 transition. These variations are not clearly correlated with continuum and line intensity variations.
Authors
- C. Struck
- M. W. Ochmann
- M. Probst
- Hartmut Winkler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-0526)
- Stephen B Potter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5956-2249)
- Salem Wolsing
- Amon Poenitzsch
- Norbert Schartel
- Wolfram Kollatschny
- Stefanie Komossa
Institutions
- Northern Kentucky University (US)
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- European Space Astronomy Centre (ES)
- South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (ZA)
- Astronomical Observatory (RS)
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2026-01-22
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558093
- Primary Topic
- Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- California Institute of Technology
- University of Leicester
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- Goddard Space Flight Center