Health needs of patients with permanent colostomy in North China: A longitudinal qualitative study based on the “Timing It Right” framework

Based on the "Timing It Right" framework, the health status and needs of patients with colostomy differ across the following phases: diagnosis period, perioperative period, discharge preparation period, adjustment period, and adaptation period. This study not only provides a preliminary conceptual model for in-depth investigation of these patients' health needs at each phase but also offers directional guidance for the future development of phase-specific, patient-centered nursing intervention strategies to better address their dynamic health demands.