Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and typhoid conjugate vaccine introduction on typhoid fever in Nepal
S. Typhi blood culture positivity declined sharply during the pandemic before TCV introduction. The subsequent rollout of TCV substantially reduced typhoid burden in vaccine-eligible children; however, rising cases among older, vaccine-ineligible populations following the relaxation of pandemic measures highlights the need for additional control measures such as improved water and sanitation infrastructure and broader age eligibility for typhoid vaccination.
Authors
- Binaya Shrestha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3507-6131)
- Kristen Aiemjoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-2699)
- Esther Jung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8749)
- Jessica Couvillion Seidman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1645-3789)
- Nishan Katuwal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-5879)
- Dipesh Tamrakar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-1436)
- Shiva Ram Naga
- R. Andrews Jason
- Sonali Shah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-098X)
- Denise O. Garrett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-3459)
- Isaac I. Bogoch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1590-6748)
- Alice Carter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-232X)
- Pratibha Bista Roka
- Rabin Sharma Pokharel
- Surendra Mahadup
- Kate Doyle
- Stephen P Luby
- Aarjya Tara Bajracharya
- Rajeev Shrestha
Institutions
- University Health Network (CA)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Bir Hospital (NP)
- Dhulikhel Hospital (NP)
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (TH)
- Sabin Vaccine Institute (US)
- Civil Service Hospital (NP)
- Kathmandu University (NP)
- Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital (NP)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- PLoS neglected tropical diseases
- Published
- 2026-01-21
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0013242
- Primary Topic
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00