What is a normal left ventricular ejection fraction in healthy adults? A meta-analysis of population-based echocardiographic studies

In healthy adults, the lower limit of normal LVEF is approximately 53% for women and 52% for men, with slightly higher thresholds among individuals of Asian origin. An LVEF < 50% is highly unlikely to reflect normal function, regardless of sex, age, or self-reported race/ethnicity. Given the high statistical heterogeneity, the results should be interpreted with caution.