Incidence and Predictors of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Academic Hospital in Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The early onset of LVEF reduction highlights the critical role of routine cardiac monitoring during chemotherapy as a preventive strategy against cardiotoxicity progression. Identification of risk factors such as older age and preexisting cardiovascular conditions is essential for risk stratification and the implementation of safer and individualized treatment approaches.