CLASSIFICATION OF STATE SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS FOR INNOVATIVE SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

In the current geopolitical and economic climate, characterized by unprecedented sanctions pressure and a drive toward technological sovereignty, issues of state support for small and medium-sized innovative enterprises (SMIE) are becoming critically important. A key guideline is Presidential Decree No. 309 of May 7, 2024, “On the National Development Goals of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and the Prospect for 2036,” which identifies the achievement of “technological leadership” as one of its priorities. This goal implies not only technological independence, but also the formation of new high-tech markets, an increase in the share of research and development in GDP, and a multiple increase in the revenue of small technology companies. However, achieving these ambitious goals is fraught with serious challenges: restrictions on access to foreign investment, critical technologies, and components, as well as a heavy burden on the federal budget. In this regard, the paradigm of state support must be revised to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of every ruble invested. Innovative SMEs, as key agents for the introduction of breakthrough technologies, are in dire need of relevant and timely support. The creation of a targeted, “pinpoint” system of measures that takes into account the specifics of each company is becoming not just a task of optimization, but a priority for national technological security.