Role of High-resolution Esophageal Manometry in Patients Having Functional Dyspepsia: A Prospective Observational Study

HRM identified clinically significant esophageal motility abnormalities in a substantial subset of patients with FD and normal endoscopic findings. These findings suggest that esophageal dysmotility may underlie persistent symptoms in such patients and support the integration of HRM into the diagnostic workup of refractory FD.