Risk assessment of isocycloseram: resistance development in <scp> <i>Plutella xylostella</i> </scp> and selective toxicity to the predatory stink bug <scp> <i>Arma chinensis</i> </scp>

Plutella xylostella has a high risk of developing resistance to isocycloseram. The elevated activity of detoxification enzymes in A. chinensis and reduced binding affinity of AcGABAR to isocycloseram may contribute to the selective toxicity of isocycloseram between P. xylostella and A. chinensis. These findings lay a foundation for the scientific application of isocycloseram in pest control and natural enemy conservation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.