Impact of Individual-Specific Strength Exercises on Knee Muscle Strength and Speed Performance in Speed Skaters: A Randomised Control Trial

Background: Speed skating performance relies heavily on lower limb strength, neuromuscular control, and coordination. Weakness of knee muscles can limit performance and increase the risk of overuse injuries. Individual-specific strengthening of knee flexors and extensors may enhance strength and skating speed, yet evidence in young skaters is limited. Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized knee muscle strengthening on knee flexor and extensor strength and speed performance in young speed skaters. Methods: Sixty skaters aged 8-14 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (individual-specific strengthening, 8 weeks, 3 sessions/week) or a control group (routine skating only). Training loads were based on 1-RM values and progressed using a pyramidal model (80-95% 1-RM). Knee strength was measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Strength Test (MSST), and skating performance using the Inline Skating Skill Test (ISST). Data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The experimental group showed significant increases in knee flexor (51.06 ± 7.8 → 57.73 ± 7.4 mm Hg) and extensor strength (60.0 ± 8.3 → 66.2 ± 7.6 mm Hg) (p < 0.001), along with improved Inline Skating Skill Test (ISST) performance time (27.62 ± 2.7 → 24.34 ± 2.5 s, p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion: Individual-specific strengthening produced meaningful improvements in knee muscle strength and skating speed in young speed skaters. Incorporating such targeted resistance training into routine practice may enhance performance and reduce injury risk.